Full Information About Karnali and It's District (Jumla, Mugu, Dolpa, Humla, Kalikot)-KarnaliNepal

ABOUT KARNALI ZONE:

          Karnali is one of the fourteen zones located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal. The headquarters of Karnali Zone is Jumla. Karnali Zone is one of the poorest and most remote regions of Nepal, not very accessible by road yet. There are airfields in all districts except Kalikot which is connected seasonally by roadways to Jumla Airport.

        Karnali Zone is the largest zone of Nepal, with two National Parks. Shey Phoksundo National Park Shey Phoksundo (with Phoksundo Lake-- the deepest lake of Nepal), famous for the Snow Leopard, is Nepal's largest Park with an area of 3,555 km². Rara National Park surrounds Rara Lake -- at 10.2 km², Nepal's largest lake -- known as the "Pearl of Nepal".

Karnali is divided into five districts:

District           Type              Headquarters

1.     Dolpa             Mountain     Dunai

2.     Humla            Mountain     Simikot

3.     Jumla             Mountain     Jumla

4.     Kalikot           Mountain     Manma

5.     Mugu             Mountain     Gamgadhi

1.     About Jumla District:

Jumla District a part of Karnali Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal. The district, with Jumla as its district headquarters, covers an area of 2,531 km² and had a population of 89,427 in 2001 and 108,921 in 2011.

The origin of Nepali language is Sinja of Jumla. Therefore, the Nepali dialect "Khas Bhasa" is still spoken among the people in this region. Jumla kingdom was one of the many kingdoms that dotted Nepal before its unification by King Prithivi Narayan Shah and later by his son Bahadur Shah. Jumla kingdom was one of the powerful kingdoms in west Nepal, Jumla kingdom defended itself in the first attack by King Prithivi Narayan Shah, and legend even has it that he got injured in the battle. Later, with the help of surrounding kingdoms of Jumla, Bahadur Shah son of King Prithivi Narayan Shah attacked and won Jumla for the Gorkha kings. The Jumla kings were Thakuris (Sijapati, Malla, Shahi) like the Gorkha Kings. Jumla kingdom was one of the most powerful of the kingdoms in Nepal, in its height extending from Mustang in the east to present day Uttarakhand, India. The Jumla kings belonged to the Kallayla dynasty, linked to the Sisodia clan of Rajasthan, India. There have also been marriages between the Jumla royal family and the present day royal family of Nepal, until the present day. The direct decedents of the erstwhile Jumla royal family include currently Lt. Gen (Retd) Vivek Kumar Shah, Nepali Film legend Nir Shah, Former Director General of Nepal Electricity Authority Harish Chandra Shah, DIGP (Retd) Sher Bahadur Shah and the current DIGP of Nepal Police, Surendra Bahadur Shah

2.     About Mugu District:

Mugu District a part of Karnali Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Gamgadhi as its district headquarters, covers an area of 3,535 km² and had a population (2011) of 55,286. Mugu is known for being both the most remote district in Nepal, as well as the least developed.

2.1.         Geography and Climate Of Mugu Nepal:

        Mugu's geography is very rugged. The biggest lake in Nepal, Rara Lake—also known as Mahendra Daha—lies in Mugu District. It is one of the biggest districts of Nepal. Pulu is one of the famous Village Development Committee (VDC) of Mugu district. There are many villages in this VDC namely Riusa, Mooh, Mangri, Serog, Dawra etc. Similarly, Seri Village Development Committee (VDC) is one of the famous VDC of the district. It is located to west of Rara VDC.

        The remote Mugu district is rich in natural resorces. Nepal's largest Rara Lake lies in this district. Many domestic and international tourist come to visit the famous and beautiful Rara Lake. The lake is also known as the Mahendra Tal. The Lake liest at an elevation of 2,990 meters and covers about 10.8 sq. km of area. The Rara National Park protects this beautiful Rara Lake.

3.     About Humla District:

Humla a part of Karnali Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Simikot as its district headquarters, covers an area of 5,655 km² and had a population of 40,595 in 2001; in 2011 the population was 50,858.[1] The Northern part of Humla District is inhabited by Buddhists, originating from Tibet, whereas the South is mostly inhabited by Hindus.

3.1.         Tourism Area of Humla Nepal:

    Humla lies in the far western. The remote district is the starting point of many adventure trips. Trekking, mountaineering and more. Simikot Airport is the hub to start trekking from here. The trekking route to Tibet also starts from Simikot. Simikot trek is famous trekking for wilderness experience. The district is the border of Nepal and China. Simikot-headquarter of Humla

3.2. Trekking Place of Humla Nepal:

    The road descending from Nara La (pass) 4535 m Humla district, Nepal to the border of Tibet at Hilsa on the bank of Karnali River. The road is connected from Lake Manasarovar close by Mount Kailash in Tibet. The Nepal section of The Great Himalaya Trail ends in Humla at Hilsa at the border with Tibet. The Humla district an important part of ancient Buddhist religions and it holds a lot of histories, cultures and values of a typical Buddhist life. With more than 10 small villages of Tibetan origin, Humla district is a very important and beautiful part of land not only for the Buddhist all around the world, but also for everyone who wants to learn about buddhist life and study the histories and cultures. 

   The Nyin Community and the Limi Valley are inhabited by peaceful buddhist communities and they are blessed with very beautiful nature, with abundance of natural resources, varied flora and fauna, lots of mountain springs and very clean rivers and beautiful mountains and glacial lakes. The border crossing at Hilsa is a main entry point for treks going to and coming from Mount Kailash. The normal route to this point is via a 4-5 day walk to Simikot.

4.     About Dolpa Nepal:

Dolpa District is one of the five districts of the Karnali Zone in Nepal. The district, with Dunai as its district headquarters, covers an area of 7,889 km2 (3,046 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 36,700.

4.1.         Tourism Of Dolma Nepal:

     Dolpa region is a distant region of Nepal and the central point of this area is Shey Phoksumdo National Park. The east and south of Dolpa are surrounded by the Dhaulagiri and Churen Himal ranges and to the west is the Jumla district. Trekking to Lower Dolpa offers you the remarkable and breathtaking experience of a lifetime. The notable features seen here are snowy peaks, ancient and remote villages, rich wildlife, lovely Buddhist monasteries and wonderful lakes. The people of this area are simple and warm-hearted with an enthralling culture and traditions. The cultural traditions of this area are basically linked with the Tibetan culture.

   Trekking into Dolpa presents an exposure to the high and remote Himalayan valleys, resembling the Tibetan highlands. The main highlight of Dolpa trekking includes “Shey Phoksundo National Park” which is one of the major National Parks of Nepal. “Shey Phoksundo Lake” is another famous feature of this region. The lake is totally free of aquatic life, which the crystal waters clearly demonstrate. Surrounded by rocks, forests, and snow-capped peaks, the area has been described as one of the world's “Natural Hidden Wonders”.

    The Dolpa trekking starts at Juphal and follows the track to Dunai, then continues to Tarakot, way up to Bang la Camp, the uppermost point of Dolpa trekking. After passing through Sanu Bheri village, we then descend to the good-looking Phoksundo Lake, which is a piece of the Shey Phoksundo National Park.

Kalikot District Nepal:

Kalikot District a part of Karnali Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Manma as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,741 km², had a population of 105,580 in 2001 and 136,948 in 2011. In September 2005, in a bid to encourage a change in social attitudes, the government announced that it would provide rice to any family that had recently had a girl born.

Full Discribe of Karnali Nepal

The Karnali Zone is the most poverty-stricken area of Nepal. The five districts that make up this zone -- Dolpa, Humla, Jumla, Kalikot and Mugu -- all come at the bottom of Nepal's district-wise human development index. The Karnali people suffer from widespread hunger, illiteracy, poor health, unemployment, and very low incomes.

            Karnali is isolated from the mainstream of development. It is the only zone in Nepal which is not linked with the rest of the country by a road. According to the UN's Human Development Report, the Karnali Zone is the least developed area in Nepal with very low indicators of human development. It is characterized by a growing population, environmental degradation low productivity, annual disease epidemics and famines, a weak educational system negligible employment opportunities, and growing out-migration in search of work. Togetherthese represent the dire poverty suffered by the Karnali Zone's inhabitants.

           Some development initiatives such as establishing the Karnali Technical School and an agriculture research centre in the zonal capital Jumla have gone ahead . But the region stilllags way behind most of the rest of the country in terms of transport facilities, access totechnology, and industrialization. The whole of the Karnali Zone continues to depend on traditional technologies and there is no infrastructure for industrial development.

            The completion date of the under-construction Surkhet to Jumla highway keeps on being delayed. At the current rate it will take more than 20 years for this 220 km long road to be completed. Air transport is a very important mode of transport but flights are unreliable and are often cancelled . The airports that are being built in Mugu and Kalikot are unfinished more than 20 years after they began to be built. A major hindrance for those travelling on foot is the lack of footbridges to cross the areas’ many rivers.

             Radio is the most important source of news about the outside world for the Karnali people but many of them do not have a radio set. Although a television transmitter was installed in Jumla in 2002, regular transmission has yet to happen. Newspapers are not easily available and those that are available are usually well out of date before they reach the area. The telephone service is very limited and the postal service unreliable. Food crises are common. A disease epidemic and famine claimed hundreds of lives in 1997 and 1998. One of the major causes of this has been the central government's inefficient system for distributing subsidised rice to the Karnali. Although elections have sent MPs from Karnali to sit in the national parliament, the Karnali still suffers from a lack of proper representation and access to policy making and central government. The central government is responsible for planning the area’s development, but has failed to properly carry out this task. The people of Karnali have yet to see real democracy. It is money, and the influence of friends and relatives that decides voters' choices. Anyway, once elected many of the representatives move their homes away from the Karnali either to a town in the Terai or to Kathmandu.

           The legal system also has little to offer the local people. They have little trust in the official justice system and people from the northern Karnali tend to settle their disputes locally. The main problems are the very few lawyers who practice in Karnali, the courts being bogged down with unsettled verdicts, and the inadequacy of the few qualified lawyers.

           Transparency is completely lacking in the way that government and non-government organizations operate in Karnali. This is due to the officials' self-cent redness, the lack of public awareness about development issues, and the lack of any effective monitoring and evaluation. The corrupt behavior of the people’s representatives and government employees is a serious problem. Corruption and mismanagement are widely recognised as the factors most responsible for the delays in executing the long -standing incomplete infrastructure projects. Local government has been made largely ineffective by a host of factors. There is a lack of efficiency and accountability whilst favouritism, nepotism and corruption unduly influence decision making. The representatives lack the required knowledge and often pose as members of the elite rather than working to serve the masses. The system is also undermined by the absence of autonomy, and the lack of monitoring and evaluation.

         The Karnali-based civil servants are not motivated to deliver services to the people and hardly any of the government’s local development staff ever visit the villages. There is no clear system to manage, monitor and evaluate the delivery of public services in Karnali. The Karnali people are proud to be Nepali and point out that the Nepali language originated in their area . The Nepali language played a crucial role in the unification of Nepal. In spite of this they feel great bitterness that the central government in Singha Durbar, Kathmandu has always neglected them. This has fuelled a strong sense of regionalism. The Karnali Zone has very little access to and participation in the services provided by national and international organisations. Local citizens have struggled to carry out development activities through their own initiatives; but these efforts have met with little success due to a severe lack of resources.

          Agriculture, animal husbandry, and cottage industries – all of which depend on local natural resources make up virtually all of Karnali’s economy. The traditional technology, the often obsolete means of production, the growing population, and the increasing attraction of modern lifestyles have all adversely affected the standard of living in Karnali. Valuable medicinal and herbal plants such as yarchagumba, gucche mushroom,panchaunle, and jatamashi are found in Karnali. But, this resource has not been properly exploited. They are often not collected, stored or marketed properly and little attention has been given to increasing their production.The Karnali people have been deprived of access to a good relevant education. The difficult geographical terrain means that some students have to walk two hours a day to reach their nearest school. The teachers in government schools often remain absent from their posts.

            Anyway the pressure of work at home prevents many students from attending classesregularly. The main health problems in the Karnali are malnutrition, the lack of awareness about hygiene, moking and drinking (alcohol), and the neglect of women’s health. Health care provision is very poor with most facilities lacking medicines and doctors.

           Women in Karnali are neglected and discriminated against from birth. Women are forced to stay in cowshed s or caves whilst they are menstruating and whilst delivering babies. Girls are often married off before they reach puberty. The root causes of this neglect are the superstitious traditional beliefs and parents' poverty and illiteracy. The locals are guided by conservative beliefs and believe whatever the local preachers say about the influence of the gods and evil spirits. These superstitious beliefs influence many aspects of everyday life. The Karnali people are mostly ignorant about Nepal’s constitution and laws whilst the Karnali based government and non-government organisations fail to uphold and monitor whether or not local people's human rights are respected.

         This is the one zone of Nepal which is totally covered by the hill. There are no facilities of transportation, proper education, health service, electricity, water and sanitation, etc. Most of the people are fully depend on the agriculture. In the karnali region lack of irrigation and fertilizer land there is not enough production get by the farmer. As a result they are bound to go India and demand to the government to deliver the rice for karnali people. There is always start famine that creates the problem for the nation to save the people from the die by the famine. People are too much hard working but they are not able to join to hand to mouth in all season. In this region famous for the natural resources but lack of transportation and collection centre it’s useless.

        In the education sector only few people are studying higher level education. Most of the children are busy in the home work like care of livestock, care of newly born child, help to mother, etc. Besides that lack of income they are unable to get the higher education. There is no quality education and English medium colleges which creates the problem them to study higher level education. Now days there are establishes colleges but the student are not come to study because geographical difficulty. They can’t go to college in time which is far from the own home it takes day long time so its not possible to go and come. There is no science college for science student if you were got college you can’t get the practical equipment so only in theoretical matters would get. In this region difficult to get the educated people so all thing also going on as a formality way not for the quality and capacity.

               Many people are die by the simple disease because there is no nursing home and health care center only health post which handled by the CMA,  HA, and ANAMI so they are not knows about the disease and lack of equipment people are die by the simple disease. In 5 districts 5 district health offices in these offices also doctor less. Doctors are willing to sit there by the lack of facilities and proper available equipment. Still now people are believe in witch and religious matters. Political leader are not responsible for development about the karnali region so this region always backward in terms of development. local political leaders are not able to hold the powerful position in the government as a result they are only demanding right of karnali people but not able to implementation it. Most of the political leaders also corrupt the budget in local level and they are not think about the karnali people they think about only own family. 

             In the karnali region there are so many project established for the purpose to reduce the unemployment, poverty, etc. But they are also work in like as government agencies. Many INGOs/NGOs are withdraws budget from the many institutions and government bodies but they are also limited with the personal development. Karnali region rich for natural resources if government gives the priority for this region nation also can get the revenue from the karnali region. It’s also area for tourist we can promote them by the proper management of the historical places, Himalayas, lake, and national park. 

About Rara Lake Nepal - Biggest Lake of Nepal

Summery Introduction:

Location :            Mugu District

Coordinates:      29.525721°N 82.090211°ECoordinates: 29.525721°N 82.090211°E

Water Type:       fresh water[1]

Primary inflows: Karnali river

Max. Length Of Lake:     5.1 km (3.2 mi)

Max. Width Of Lake:      2.7 km (1.7 mi)

Surface Area Of Lake:    1,061 ha (2,620 acres)[1]

Max. Depth Of Lake:      167 m (548 ft)

Water Volume of Lake:                 10,682 m3 (377,200 cu ft)

Surface elevation :          2,290 m (7,510 ft)

The Rara Lake is the biggest and deepest fresh water lake in the Nepal Himalayas. It is the main feature of the Rara National Park, located in the Jumla and Mugu Districts. Its covers 1,583 ha (6.11 sq mi) including the surrounding wetland. Rara Lake lies at an altitude of 2,990 m (9,810 ft) above sea level, has a water surface of 10.8 km2 (4.2 sq mi), a maximum depth of 167 m (548 ft), is 5.1 km (3.2 mi) long and 2.7 km (1.7 mi) wide. Its water quality is characterized by high pH, conductivity and total hardness. It was reported to be very slightly polluted and was classified as oligotrophic in immunological terms. It is polluted due to wastes produced during festivals by visiting locals and tourists.